DEVELOPMENT OF WATERSIIED MODELS FOR TWO SIERRA NEVADA BASINS USING A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Techniques were developed using vector and raster data in a geographic information system (GIS) to define the spatial variability of watershed characteristics in the north-central Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada and to assist in computing model input parameters. The U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, a physically based, distributed-parameter watershed model, simulates runoff for a basin by partitioning a watershed into areas that each have a homogeneous hydrologic response to precipitation or snowmelt. These land units, known as hydrologic-response units (HRU's), are characterized according to physical properties, such as altitude, slope, aspect, land cover, soils, and geology, and climate patterns. Digital data were used to develop a GIS data base and HRIJ classification for the American River and Carson River basins. The following criteria are used in delineating HRU's: (1) Data layers are hydrologically significant and have a resolution appropriate to the watershed's natural spatial variability, (2) the technique for delineating HRU's accommodates different classification criteria and is reproducible, and (3) HRU's are not limited by hydrographic-subbasin boundaries. HRU's so defined are spatially noncontiguous. The result is an objective, efficient methodology for characterizing a watershed and for delineating HRU's. Also, digital data can be analyzed and transformed to assist in defining parameters and in calibrating the model.     

DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE AND PRECISION OF ESTIMATED PARAMETERS FOR RUNOFF FROM SEMIARID WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT Significant parameters for predicting thunderstorm runoff from small semiarid watersheds are determined using data from the Walnut Gulch watershed in southern Arizona. Based on these data, thunderstorm rainfall is dominant over watershed parameters for predicting runoff from multiple linear regression equations. In some cases antecedent moisture added significantly to the models. A technique is developed for estimating precision of predicted values from multiple linear regression equations. The technique involves matrix methods in estimating the variance of mean predicted values from a regression equation. The estimated variance of the mean predicted value is then used to estimate the variance of an individual predicted value. A computer program is developed to implement these matrix methods and to form confidence limits on predicted values based on both a normality assumption and the Chebyshev inequality.     

Short-term wind speed forecasting based on random forest model combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition and improved harmony search algorithm

ABSTRACT

Wind speed forecasting plays an important role in power grid dispatching management. This article proposes a short-term wind speed forecasting method based on random forest model combining ensemble empirical modal decomposition and improved harmony search algorithm. First, the initial wind speed data set is decomposed into several ensemble empirical mode functions by EEMD, then feature extraction of each sub-modal IMF is performed using fast Fourier transform to solve the cycle of each sub-modal IMF. Next, combining the high-performance parameter optimization ability of the improved harmony search algorithm, two optimal parameters of random forest model, number of decision trees, and number of split features are determined. Finally, the random forest model is used to forecast the processing results of each submodal IMF. The proposed model is applied to the simulation analysis of historical wind data of Chaoyang District, Liaoning Province from April 27, 2015 to May 22, 2015. To illustrate the suitability and superiority of the EEMD-RF-IHS model, three types of models are used for comparison: single models including ANN, SVM, RF; EMD combination models including EMD-ANN, EMD-SVM, EMD-RF; EEMD combination models including EEMD-ANN, EEMD-SVM, EEMD-RF. The analysis results of evaluation indicators show that the proposed model can effectively forecast short-term wind data with high stability and precision, providing a reference for forecasting application in other industry fields.     

时变参数模型用于滑坡位移量预测的研究

滑坡的位移量发展受地质条件、气候环境以及人类活动等多种因素的影响,变化复杂,通常难以用固定参数的数学模型准确表达。时变参数模型的模型参数随时间变化,能够描述更为复杂的函数关系。将时变参数模型应用于滑坡位移量预测,通过对比发现,时变参数模型有望提高滑坡位移量的预测精度。     

降低地下矿深孔爆破落矿大块率的技术措施

降低深孔爆破落矿大块率是矿山凿岩中的一个重要课题。笔者对地下矿深孔爆破落矿中大块产生位置及原因进行分析;探讨在炸药单耗、孔网布置、装药结构、堵塞长度、微差间隔、起爆方式等方面对其产生影响的规律;提出地下矿深孔爆破落矿中通过优化爆破参数降低大块率的技术措施。该优化技术措施主要有:减少地质构造对深孔落矿的影响,合理确定炸药单耗的方法,使用大孔距小抵抗线落矿技术,采用多种装药结构技术,采用多排微差起爆技术,加强深孔的施工管理和加强爆破施工的现场管理。这些措施在工程实践中获得了良好的应用效果。     

军用设备淋雨环境试验技术

淋雨试验方法是一种人工环境试验方法.这里简要介绍了进行淋雨环境试验的目的、适用范围及环境影响因素,并说明应从产品使用环境、本身特点及产品技术条件的角度出发来考虑确定各试验参数,同时指出应根据产品结构状态、使用目的来选择试验程序.     

OBSERVATIONS ON KINEMATIC RESPONSE IN URBAN RUNOFF MODELS1

ABSTRACT: This paper first discusses the results of sensitivity analyses conducted on various parameters of the San Francisco Stormwater Model ta version of WREM) and the Penn State Runoff Model in terms of their impact on outflow hydrographs. The parameters considered within a idealized catchment include: basin shape, imperivous fraction, overland roughness and slope: deterntion depth; infiltration capacity; and hyetograph timing. Second, the results for the hypothetical catchment are extended to the lazzard laboratory surfaces (asphalt, grass, roofing material) as a mean of illustrating the need for changes in model structure, as opposed to continued parameter adjustment Finally the effect of altering the scale of hydraulic representation in the surface runoff and sewer transport calculations are demonstrated for two gaged watersheds in Hamburg, West Germany.     

环境因素对原生动物群落特征的影响

1999年12月至2000年11月，对华中科技大学华瑜池的原生动物群落进行了研究，共检出原生动物125种，其中植鞭毛虫19种，动鞭毛虫28种，纤毛虫64种，肉足虫14种，对原生动物群落结构和功能的研究表明：1）自然条件下，PFU原生动物群落的种类组成数及原生动物群落的群集速度相对稳定；2）自然条件下，PFU原生动物群落结构和功能不受季节变化的影响；3）当PFU原和动物群落受到外界胁迫时，不管这种胁迫来自物化因素或是生物因素，其群落结构和功能都会发生破坏性变化；4）用PFU法进行原生动物群落生态学和毒理学研究，所得的结构参数及功能参数能反映客观状况，具有环境现实意义。     

遂宁市大英县席家沟地区大气扩散参数研究

本文介绍了用平衡气球探测法研究遂宁市大英县席家沟地区大气扩散参数及结果,并与国标推荐值进行了比较。     

1/f噪声源与其在半导体器件可靠性评估中的应用

1／f噪声，由于其能够反映器件的质量与可靠性参数，其研究受到重视。本文首先较为系统地介绍了1／f噪声源两种较为成熟的理论：迁移率涨落模型和载流子涨落模型，最后介绍了几个1／f噪声与半导体器件参数漂移相关的实例。